Boldness and audacity in the field of entrepreneurship: understandings from literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24023/FutureJournal/2175-5825/2023.v15i1.709Keywords:
Boldness, Audacity, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial BehaviorAbstract
Objective: To identify and understand how the terms boldness and audacity have been discussed in researches on the entrepreneurship field.
Method / Approach: In order to identify the articles, the bibliometric method ProKnow-C was used. The search occurred in Scopus and Web of Science databases. In bibliometrics, the resources of Bibliometrix package were used. To understand how the themes are addressed in entrepreneurship, a systematic review of the literature was carried out.
Originality / Relevance: This research presents advances in the discussion and understanding of boldness/audacity theme in the field of Entrepreneurship.
Results: In bibliometrics, a quantitative analysis was performed with 109 articles, in which the following indicators were found: three journals, eight authors, three countries, eight keywords and evolution in the 2013-2021 period. The systematic literature review was based on 21 articles, and the results present four categories: boldness and minorities, risk and investments, personality traits and cultural variations.
Theoretical contributions: The research presents a theoretical contribution to the field of studies, by highlighting aspects associated with boldness/audacity in entrepreneurship studies, providing a broader understanding of the behavior of entrepreneurs and organizations. In addition, for Entrepreneurship researchers, the study elucidates the contexts in which these themes are discussed, in addition to pointing out theoretical gaps in the field.
Downloads
References
Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct refinement and cross-cultural validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5), 495–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00054-3
Araújo, C. A. (2006). Bibliometria: evolução histórica e questões atuais. Em questão, 12(1), 11-32.
Asante, E. A., & Affum-Osei, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs’ opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Research, 98(May), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.006
Baron, R. & Shane, S. (2007). Empreendedorismo: uma visão do processo. Thomson Learning.
Basinska, B. A. & Dåderman, A. M. (2018). Be fearless: Positive affect as a mediator between venturesomeness and self-efficacy in future entrepreneurs and managers. European Review of Applied Psychology, 68(4-5), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2018.08.001
Bates, T. (2011). Minority Entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 7(3–4), 151–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0300000036
Baucus, M. S. &. Mitteness, C. R. (2016). Crowdfouding: Avoiding Ponzi entrepreneurs when investing in new ventures. Business Horizons, 59, 37-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.08.003
Boldness Calculator. (2021). This software calculates the degree of boldness and is especially suitable for entrepreneurs and people associated with business risk management. https://www.boldnesscalculator.lifetools.com.br
Bradford, S. C. (1934). Sources of Information on Scientific Subjects. Engineering: An Illustrated Weekly Journal, 137, 85-86.
Brocas, I. & Carrillo, J. D. (2004). Entrepreneurial boldness and excessive investment. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 13(2), 321-350.
Christiaens, T. (2019) The entrepreneur of the self beyond Foucault’s neoliberal homo oeconomicus. European Journal of Social Theory, 23(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431019857998
Costa, M. T., Lopes, S. & Fernández-Llimós, F. (2012, October). A Bibliometria e a Avaliação da Produção Científica: indicadores e ferramentas. Annals of Actas do congresso Nacional de bibliotecários, arquivistas e documentalistas. Repositório Comum. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4620
Davidsson, P., Gregoire, D. A., & Lex, M. (2019, July). Developing and validating a new measure of opportunity confidence. In Academy of management proceedings, (19, 1), p. 12654. Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.297
Dibrova, A. (2015). Business angel investments: risks and opportunities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.097
Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00008-1
Esteller, À., Poy, R. & Moltó, J. (2016). Deficient aversive-potentiated startle and the triarchic model of psychopathy: The role of boldness. Biological psychology, 117, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.012
Eysenck, H. & Wilson, G. (1975). Know your own personality. South Melbourne, Australia: Macmillan.
Farenhof, H. A. & Fernandes, R. F. (2016). Desmistificando a Revisão de Literatura como base para redação científica: método SSF. Revista ACB: Biblioteconomia em Santa Catarina, 21(3), 550-563.
Ferenhof, H. & Fernandes, R. (2016). Desmistificando a revisão de literatura como base para redação científica: método SFF. Demystifying the literature review as basis for scientific writing: SSF method. Revista ACB, 21(3), 550-563.
Ferrell Jr., H. C. (2004). Bold Entrepreneur: A Life of James B. Duke by Robert F. Durden. The Journal of Southern History, 70(3), 675-676.
Fontana, L. P. B. (2020). Modelo multicritério construtivista para apoiar a gestão da retenção do conhecimento organizacional em uma empresa concessionária de serviços de saneamento no Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil.
Hamilton, R., Vohs, K. D., Sellier, A. L., & Meyvis, T. (2011). Being of two mindsets: Switching mindset exhausts self-regulatory resources. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.005
Kets de Vries, M. (1985). The Dark Side of Entrepreneurs. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1985/11/the-dark-side-of-entrepreneurship.
Kochanska, G. (1997). Multiple pathways to conscience for children with different temperaments: From toddlerhood to age five. Developmental Psychology, 33(2), 228-240. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.33.2.228
Kraus, S., Breier, M. & Dasí-Rodriguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16, 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00635-4
Kraus, S. Mahto, R. V. & Walsh, S. T. (2021). The importance of literature reviews in small business and entrepreneurship research. Journal of Small Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1955128
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (2003). Audácia. Pearson Longman.
Lopes, J., Antunes, H. & Rodrigues, R. (2018). Comparative Entrepreneurship between Western Europe and Latin America. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 8(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2017-0058
Lotka, A. J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 16(12), 317-323.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Pidduck, R. J. (2021). Global Entrepreneurial Orientation (GEO): An updated, multidimensional view of EO. In A. Corbett, P. Kreiser, L. Marino, & W. Wales (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth, volume 22: Entrepreneurial orientation epistemological, theoretical, and empirical perspectives (pp. 17– 68). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1074-754020210000022002
Lykken, D. T. (1957). A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047232.
Manning, S. & Bejarano, T. A. (2016). Convincing the crowd: Entrepreneurial storytelling in crowdfunding campaigns. Strategic Organization, 15(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016648500
McAdam, M., Crowley, C. & Harrison, R. T. (2018). To boldly go where no [man] has gone before”: Institutional voids and the development of women's digital entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 146, 912-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.051
Miller, J. D., Sleep, C. E., Crowe, M. L. & Lynam, D. R. (2020). Psychopathic boldness: Narcissism, self-esteem, or something in between? Personality and Individual Differences, 155(1), Article 109761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109761
Nikolova-Alexieva, V. & Angelova, M. N. (2020). Opportunities for raising the entrepreneurial culture – a factor for competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy. Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 40(3), 373–398.
Njoroge, M., Wineaster, A., Mossberg, L. & Mbura, O. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation in the hospitality industry: evidence of Women Entrepreneurs in High-Tech Industries in an Emerging Market. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(4), 523-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2018-0122
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. (1989). Audacioso. Oxford University Press.
Patrick, C. J. (2010). Operationalizing the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Preliminary description of brief scales for assessment of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition [Test manual]. https://patrickcnslab.psy.fsu.edu/wiki/images/b/b2/TPMmanual.pdf
Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C. & Krueger, R. F. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 913–938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000492
Patrick, C. J., Kramer, M. D., Hicks, B. M. & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2019). Formulation of a measurement model for the boldness construct of psychopathy. Psychological Assessment, 31(5), 643–659. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000690
Pidduck, Robert J.; Clark, Daniel R. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2021): Entrepreneurial mindset: Dispositional beliefs, opportunity beliefs, and entrepreneurial behavior, Journal of Small Business Management, DOI: 10.1080/00472778.2021.1907582
Priberam. "Audácia", in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa [em linha], 2008-2021, Recovered on April 22, 2007, from https://dicionario.priberam.org/aud%C3%A1cia.
Rogeri, N., Meireles, M., Sanches, C., Ferreira, S. & Marietto, M. L. (2020). Proposal of artifact to measure degree of boldness in business social actors. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 17(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2020190033
Sahad, M. N., Abdullah, S., Abdullah, A. H., & Abdullah, S. (2018). Business Lures Employed by Malay Kelantanese Entrepreneurs. MATEC Web of Conferences, 150, 05071, MUCET. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005071
Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271.
Soares, E. C., Araújo, D. A. R., Belém, V. E. J. & Pinho, W. C. (2019) Características essenciais do microempreendedor individual de Boa Vista RR. Navus, 9(3), 85-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22279/navus.2019.v9n3.p85-97.892
Tan, J. (2008). Breaking the ‘‘Bamboo Curtain’’ and the ‘‘Glass Ceiling’’. The Experience of Women Entrepreneurs in High-Tech Industries in an Emerging Market. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 547–564. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482164
Tang, J., Levasseur, L., Karami, M., & Busenitz, L. (2021). Being alert to new opportunities: It is a matter of time. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, e00232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00232
Vance, C. M. et al. (2017). A field exploration of the “expat-preneur” phenomenon. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 36(6), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21812
Wee, L. & Brooks, A. (2011). Negotiating Gendered Subjectivity in the Enterprise Culture: Metaphor and Entrepreneurial Discourses. Gender, Work and Organization, 19(6), 573-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2010.00543.x
Wilson, D. S., Clark, A. B., Coleman, K. & Dearstyne, T. (1994). Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals. Trends in ecology & evolution, 9(11), 442-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1
Vanevenhoven, J. (2013). Advances and Challenges in Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 466–470.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12043
Vilela, L. O. (2012). Aplicação do PROKNOW-C para seleção de um portifólio bibliográfico e análise bibliométrica sobre avaliação de desempenho da gestão do conhecimento. Revista Gestão Industrial, 8(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.3895/S1808-04482012000100005
Zgheib, P. W., & Kowatly, A. K. (2011). Autonomy, locus of control, and entrepreneurial orientation of Lebanese expatriates worldwide. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 24(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593543
Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Addison-Wesley Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rogério Ciotti, Nelson Santos Machado, Hilka Pelizza Vier Machado, Sayonara de Fátima Teston
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: the author(s) authorize(s) the publication of the text in the journal;
2. The author(s) ensure(s) that the contribution is original and unpublished and that it is not in the process of evaluation by another journal;
3. The journal is not responsible for the views, ideas and concepts presented in articles, and these are the sole responsibility of the author(s);
4. The publishers reserve the right to make textual adjustments and adapt texts to meet with publication standards.
5. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Atribuição NãoComercial 4.0 internacional, which allows the work to be shared with recognized authorship and initial publication in this journal.
6. Authors are allowed to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g. publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
7. Authors are allowed and are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on a personal web page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate positive effects, as well as increase the impact and citations of the published work (see the effect of Free Access) at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
• 8. Authors are able to use ORCID is a system of identification for authors. An ORCID identifier is unique to an individual and acts as a persistent digital identifier to ensure that authors (particularly those with relatively common names) can be distinguished and their work properly attributed.
